jp-Swiss-journal Vol. 103

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┃ Multi Lingual Internet Mail Magazine
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★ jp-Swiss-journal ━　Vol. 103 – December 31, 2008 (Swiss Time)
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☆ http://www.swissjapanwatcher.ch/
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【目次 / INDEX / INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 】

【J】

スイスの新内閣

明子　ヒューリマン

【E】

New Cabinet of Switzerland

Akiko Hürlimann

□━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━【日本語】━━━━━━━━━━━━━━□

スイスの新内閣

明子　ヒューリマン

年の瀬にスイス政府の閣僚に交代があった。サミュエル・シュミードゥ国

防相が突如辞意を表明した為だ。何故今頃か？というと、最近胆嚢摘出手

術を受けたからだと思う。昨年末以来の波乱によるストレスからか？*１)

かつての母党スイス国民党から追い出され、新党ＢＤＰが結成されたまで

は良かったが、その後部下のネーフ軍最高司令官のスキャンダルでもまれ、

ついに体調を壊した。胆嚢を摘出するとその後の体調管理はなかなか難し

いもので、来年輪番の連邦大統領の座に意欲を燃やしていたにも拘らず、

ここに来て体調不良から引退を決意したと見る。連邦議会最大政党であり

ながら、１人の連邦評議員も居ないスイス国民党としては、漸く訪れた政

権参入の機会となった。

だが、昨年再任されなかったブロッハー前法相（現ＳＶＰ副党首）を、

ＳＶＰは又もや懲りずにシュミードゥ国防相の後継候補に出した。ところ

が、議会内の反ブロッハー統一戦線が又もや奏功し、二回行われた投票で

いずれも過半数の得票に至らず、評議員選の候補から脱落した。ＳＶＰが

何故これ程ブロッハー副党首に固執するのかだが、ＳＶＰへのブロッハー

氏の資金提供は少なからぬものがあると伝えられている。その後候補に祭

り上げられてしぶしぶ立候補した前ＳＶＰ党首（現ツューリッヒＳＶＰ代

表）のウエリ・マウレル氏が２回目の投票でかろうじて過半数を得て当選

を果たした。１票欠けると落選という綱渡りの結果だった。議会の反マウ

レル戦線はハンスユルク・ヴァルター議員（ＳＶＰ）を候補に立てて過半

数に後一票まで漕ぎ付けたが、ヴァルター議員は当選しても閣僚ポストを

辞退すると表明したので、反マウレル戦線の戦略は日の目を見なかった。

ブロッハー氏とマウレル氏は共にＳＶＰの中でも特に強硬派で知られるツ

ューリッヒＳＶＰの理論的指導者で、連邦議会のリベラル派に敬遠されて

きた。マウレル議員の獲得した票の内訳を見て見ると、母党のＳＶＰから

６３票、時折共同戦線を組むＦＤＰから３７票、反対政党のＣＶＰと

ＧＬＰ、ＥＶＰからは２３票だった。ＳＰは無し。両院議会の現行勢力

＊２）は保守から革新順にＳＶＰが６５議席、ＳＶＰから離脱したＢＤＰ

の５議席を含む保守系無会派６議席、ＦＤＰ/ＬＰＳ連合が４７議席、

ＣＶＰ/ＥＶＰ/ＧＬＰ連合が５２議席、ＳＰが５２議席、緑の党が２４議

席の合計２４６議席。民主主義の議会として、最大政党が政権に参加して

いない状態は民意を反映しないという配慮もあったかもしれない。国民は

４年に一度の国民議会選挙（下院に相当）で２００名の議員を選ぶ。州の

代議員として４６名が全州議会（上院に相当）を構成する。国民議会議員

と全州議会議員の合計による所属政党の分布で閣僚が決まる仕組みで、民

意をすっきり分配する誠に明快な権力配分と言える。政党乱立の弊害は、

議会会派の連合で切り抜けている。

マウレル次期国防相は「長年に亘って自由民主党（ＦＤＰ）とキリスト教

民主党（ＣＶＰ）に向って咆え続けてきた」と報じられたものだが、今後

二言目には「コンコーダンツ（調和）」を求められるスイスのマジック・

フォーミュラの閣内に在っては、これまでの様に言いたい放題とは行かな

くなる。マウレル次期国防相は殊勝にも、「これからは党の為ではなく、

国の為に働く」と宣言したが、小うるさいマスコミと選挙民の前ではこう

言わざるを得ない立場になったわけだ。閣内には自らも加担してＳＶＰか

ら追い出したヴィドゥマー－シュルムプフ法相（ＢＤＰ）が居る。彼女は

この１年着実に実績を上げて選挙民の信頼を築き上げている。マウレル次

期国防相はこれから実績を積み上げて、国民の評価を仰ぐ立場だ。マスコ

ミは、就任３ヶ月過ぎると勤務評定を報じる習慣がある。仕事振りによっ

ては八方から厳しい批判を浴びせられる事にもなる。特に気を許せないの

が、虎視眈々と失策を見逃さない連邦議会内の他党だ。

スイスのマジックフォーミュラ内閣は、表面的には仲間同士の調和を重ん

じるとしながらも、各閣僚は「なかよしクラブではない」と言い切る緊張

感に満ちている。一方的な利益誘導型の政治運営が成立しない制度だ。官

僚も閣僚が変わると、出身政党のポリシーによって政策の軌道修正を迫ら

れるので、日本の様に省益を守る為に画策する事も思うに任せない巧妙な

制度と言えよう。来年の連邦大統領は、年末の連邦議会で１８５票の承認

を得たメルツ蔵相に決まり、副大統領は４５歳のドリス・ロイトゥハルト

ゥ経済相が１７３票で同じく承認された。こうした名誉職は輪番制になっ

ている。これで結構なのだ。

【参考】

*１） jSj-Vol 92, 93, 96, 98

*２） 連邦議会会派：

http://www.parlament.ch/E/ra-raete/nratsrat/ra-fraktionen/Pages/index.aspx?

*３） 連邦評議会（内閣）：http://www.admin.ch/org/br/index.html?lang=en

【編集後記】

スイスが独立国家として存在している事は奇跡とも言われている。今年、

日本の民主党の小沢代表が自民党へ連立を持ちかけたというニュースが報

じられたが、もしも仮に連立が成立していたなら、マジックフォーミュラ

政権に近い政府が日本でも育つ可能性があったかもしれないと思うように

なった。数年前スイスの連邦政府に日本の内閣法制局が調査に来たと聞い

た事があるが、自民党政権にとって都合のいい制度ではないので知らない

ふりをしているのだろう。日本では二大政党制は成立し難いと思われので、

スイスに学ぶべき政治体制があると思っている。

親愛なる読者の皆様、

来年も又宜しくお付き合い下さいます様お願い致します。

良いお年をお迎えください。

□━━━━━━━━━━━━━━【 English 】━━━━━━━━━━━━━━□

New Cabinet of Switzerland

Akiko Hürlimann

There was a change at the Swiss Cabinet this year-end. Defense

Minister Samuel Schmid suddenly announced his resignation. The

question was, why now? I guess because of his recent operation to

exenterate his cholecystis. Was it due to stress by woolly days since

last year-end? He was edged out from his mother party the SVP. *1) It

was good till the stage of establishing the new party BDP instead of.

However, after that, he was pressed by a scandal of his subordinate

Army General Nef, and eventually, he became out of shape. Normally

after exenterating cholecystis, keeping up a good condition is quite

difficult. He was keenly motivated to take up rotatory position as

Federal President next year, though he decided to resign mainly due

to poor physical condition, I guess. SVP, the biggest party at the

Federal Parliament, had no seat in the Cabinet this year and finally

became a chance to join reins of government.

But, SVP, never learned, again it decided to assign former Justice

Minister Blocher (present SVP Vice President) as candidate to succeed

the post of Defense Minister Schmid. However, a <anti Blocher united

front> at the parliament was again successful. He couldn't get a

majority at the parliament vote twice and dropped out as a candidate

for the Federal Councilor election. The reason why SVP insisted on

their Vice President Blocher, it was reported because of his

substantial financial contribution to the party. Then, former SVP

president Ueli Maurer (present Zurich SVP President) was appointed

as a candidate. He reluctantly accepted the nomination, and he won

by a narrow majority at the second voting. If a single vote had been

missed, he would have failed. The result was made with tightrope

walking. The <anti Maurer united front> in the parliament opted to

field SVP National Councilor Hansjoerg Walter as their candidate and

he reached to single vote less than the majority. However, he

expressed his refusal in case of win; the strategy of the <anti Maurer

united front> had failed.

Mr. Blocher and Mr. Maurer both are party strategists and belong to

Zurich SVP, that is well known as hardliner even among the SVP and

shunned by the liberal wing in the parliament. Let's examine the

breakdown of Mr. Maurer's' votes: from the mother party SVP were 63

votes, from FDP, occasionally made united form were 37 votes, from

the opposition of CVP/GLP/EVP were 23 votes. Nil votes from SP. The

present power balance at parliament *2) is as follows: SVP 65 seats,

conservative non parliamentary fraction 6 seats including BDP

(spinned off from SVP) of 5 seats, FDP/LPS coalition 47 seats, CVP/

EVP/GLP coalition 52 seats, SP 52 seats, Green 24 seats, from

conservative to progressive accordingly, and totally 246 seats. The

consideration might be made that the regime of a democratic parliament

without including the biggest party as a member doesn't reflect the

will of the constituency. Constituencies elect the 200 National

Councilors (the lower house) every four years. The 46 representatives

of states (cantons) form the State Councilors (the upper house). The

cabinet seats are distributed according to the total number of

National Councilors and State Councilors of each coalition. This

system simply distributes the peoples' will and clear power

distribution. The negative effect of shooting up party is solved by

a coalition in parliament.

Media reported that the next Defense Minister Maurer "having given

barks against FDP and CVP for ages." In the future, he will not be

able to bark as he wishes as a member of the cabinet. There is always

a demand of <concordance> as the Swiss magic formula cabinet.　He

demurely appealed, "From now on, I will work not for my party, but

for our country". He stands on the position that he is obliged to say

that in front of fussy mass communication media and constituency. The

Justice Minister Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (BDP) occupies a seat within

the cabinet. He also co-operated to kick her away from SVP. She has

proven her competency and acquired trust from the people for one

year. Mr. Maurer is in a position to show his ability and will

receive evaluation from the nation from next year. Mass communication

habitually reports a three-month evaluation. Depending on his

performance, he will receive straight critics from all directions.

Especially, he cannot off his guard towards other parties in the

Federal Parliament, which will not overlook his mistakes.

The magic formula cabinet of Switzerland consideres collegiality on

a superficial level, though each cabinet member clearly said: "We

are not good friends party", and they seem vigilant enough each

other. This system doesn't allow an one side patronage-driven

government. When the Federal Chancellor is changed, government

bureaucrats are also forced to follow the party policy of the new

chief, and they cannot maneuver for their own interest like in

Japan. This is quite a thoughtful system indeed. The President of

the Swiss Confederation of the coming year will be the Federal

Department of Finance Minister Hans-Rudolf Merz, who was approved

by 185 votes at the year end joint federal parliament session, and

the Vice President will be the Federal Department of Economic

Affairs Minister Doris Leuthard, who was also approved by 173 votes.

Such honorary posts are under a rotation system. That's very well.

【Reference】

*1) jSj-Vol 92, 93, 96, 98

*2) Fractions:

http://www.parlament.ch/E/ra-raete/nratsrat/ra-fraktionen/Pages/index.aspx?

*3) The Federal Council: http://www.admin.ch/org/br/index.html?lang=en

【Editor's comment】

It's said that Switzerland exists, as an independent country, is a

miracle. This year, the Japanese Democratic party leader Ozawa asked

the LDP to form a coalition. If this was realized, a similar to the

Swiss magic formula government might be possible in Japan too, I

think. I learned that the Cabinet Legislation Bureau of Japan visited

the Swiss Federal Government office for studying that system some

years ago, but the Swiss political system doesn't contribute to the

LDP regime, therefore I think they pretend not to know it. I think a

two-party system would not be able to be realized in Japan, therefore

I believe that Japan can learn from the Swiss political system.

Dear readers,

We wish you all the best and see you again next year!

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We are intending to offer you current topics, based on Switzerland and Japan with global view as a multi lingual magazine. Irregular release: Weekly Swiss News Headlines will inform Issuing schedule. Please subscribe both mail magazines. Some amendment can be made later.

スイスと日本を基点にグローバルな視点で、ニュース性に重点を置きながら、適宜日英独仏語の多言語でお届けします。不定期発行: 発行案内はWeekly Swiss News Headlines からも随時お知らせしますので、両誌共にご愛読お願い致します。後日修正が加えられる場合があります。

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