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  Multi Lingual Internet Mail Magazine

  jp-Swiss-journal  Vol. 152 – August 22, 2014 (Swiss Time)

   http://www.swissjapanwatcher.ch/
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目次 / INDEX / INHALTSVERZEICHNIS

 

 J

国民投票20140518日の結果:

「グリペン戦闘機調達資金供出」を否決した民意

 

                          明子 ヒューリマン

 

 

 

E

The Result of the National Votings on May 18, 2014:

A majority rejected the "Gripen fighter procurement funding"

 

                  Akiko Huerlimann

 

□━━━━━━━━━━━━【 日本語 】━━━━━━━━━━━━━━□

 

 

 

   国民投票20140518日の結果:

   「グリペン戦闘機調達資金供出」を否決した民意

 

明子 ヒューリマン

 

 

先ず5月の国民投票の結果 *1) をご報告すると以下の通りだった。

1. 連邦法「家庭医医療の振興」:88%の賛成で承認。

2. 国民発議「小児性愛者を児童関連事業に就かせない」:63.5%の賛成で

承認。

3. 国民発議「公正な賃金保護(最低賃金規定)」:23.7%の賛成で否決。

4. 連邦議会決議「グリペン戦闘機調達資金供出」:46.6%の賛成で否決。

 

今回はスイスの防衛政策の根幹に関わる「グリペン戦闘機購入」が否決され

た事に焦点を当てて考えてみたい。518日の国民投票の後2カ月経った7

23日、スイス公共放送SRFラジオはグリペン戦闘機に関する世論調査の詳し

い分析結果<Vox-Analyse> *2)を報じた。ツューリッヒ大学のトーマス・ヴ

ィドゥマー教授が調査を指揮した。53.4%の国民が新たな戦闘機の購入に反

対票を投じた結果、スウェーデンのSAAB社製グリペン戦闘機購入の望みは断

たれた。今回の調査でもスイス国民は軍隊を拒否した訳ではなく、グリペン

戦闘機が高額過ぎると判断した結果と分析された。投票傾向としては、都市

部で56%が反対し、郡部の反対は49%だったそうだ。一方スイス特有の

<Roestigraben> *2) と称されるドイツ語圏と仏語圏の意識乖離は、グリペ

ン戦闘機に関しては大きくなかったそうだ。

 

調査で注目されたのは、軍隊に好意的なSVP支持者の4分の一がグリペン戦闘

機の購入に反対した点だった。グリペン購入反対理由のトップは、33%の「

高過ぎる」、「他の用途に使うべきだ」が33%。試用期間を含めた維持管理

費が購入費と同額の水準である事に、吹っ掛け過ぎと反発を受けたようだ。

2位は13%で「機種の不確実性」と「選択過程の不透明さ」が問われた。製

造元のSAAB社の経営状態が不安視されており、維持管理の為の開発費に充分

な資本を投入出来ないのではないかとの懸念が報じられた事も重要だ。同じ

13%が「軍隊の戦略の見直しが先決」という意見だった。軍隊に基本的に

反対と言う意見は僅か9%で、国防は自ら担うの基本姿勢にスイス人の意識

は変わっていない事が改めて確認された。

 

投票日前に暴露されたスウェーデン政府によるスイスの連邦議員に対するロ

ビー活動は不発に終わった。直接民主制のスイスでは代議員に働きかけをし

ても効果は限定的になる。それどころか自主独立路線を重視するスイス国民

は、ロビー活動には敏感で、外国からの介入を最も嫌う。このスイスの自主

独立路線が近年欧米からの介入の口実にされている。だが、EU委員会が加盟

国の国民感情と乖離した政策を遂行してきた事が、今年5月におこなわれた

欧州議会選挙で極右の台頭を許した。各国の選挙結果は如実にその事を示し

ている。欧州の中小国家はスイスの様な直接民主制を指をくわえて見ている

様子がしばしば報じられている。しかし欧州諸国は既に様々な国際的な枠組

みに取り込まれており、最早自由に自主独立を表明出来る時代では無くなっ

たと言うべきか?それとももう少し時間が必要なだけなのだろうか?肥大化

したEUが機能不全に陥るのもそう先の事ではなさそうだし。

 

2014819日付ターゲス・アンツァイガー紙は、ウエリ・マウレル国防相

が記者会見で、「空」、「陸」、「サイバー攻撃」に対する防衛整備計画の

発表を報じた。年間4,700億円規模の防衛予算を、連邦議会は国防相の要望

通り幾度も承認している。それでもスイス国民は個別の防衛装備計画に反対

して、国防相の防衛計画を反故に出来るのだ。「空」の防衛はグリペンが無

ければ、高度3000メートルまでしか確保出来ないとマウレル国防相は嘆いた

。マレーシア航空17便はウクライナ上空1万メートルでミサイルに撃墜され

たそうだ。但し、ミサイルの命中率は評論家の意見に依って様々なようだ。

「空」、「陸」いずれの装備にせよコンピュータは不可欠で、「サイバー攻

撃」を受ければ社会基盤も麻痺する。しかしハッカー攻撃やスパイ活動への

対応に万全な策は無いと専門家は悲観的だ。防衛はアナログ整備に力を入れ

るか、デジタル整備に力を入れるか、いずれにせよ巨額の予算規模なので更

なる国民的議論は必要になろう。個人的にはスイスの様な内陸の小国で、ご

大層な装備を導入したところでどれ程役に立つのか疑問に思う。それより、

技術立国なのだから無人機を独自に開発して防空を確保し、後は伝統の山岳

ゲリラ戦術や民間防衛 *4) が着実で中立国の国是に合致する気がする。

 

 

*1) 国民投票20140518日の結果:

http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/03/blank/key/

2014/02.html

*2) フォックス分析:

http://www.srf.ch/news/schweiz/gegen-den-gripen-aber-fuer-die-armee

*3) ロェシュティ・グラーベン:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6stigraben

*4) 民間防衛:

http://www.vbs.admin.ch/internet/vbs/en/home/departement/

organisation/bevschutz.html

http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E9%96%93%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B

 

 

【 編集後記 】

 

目の治療でしばらく休筆。この間スイスの防空計画は未だ定まらないままだ

が、防衛に関する国民的議論が先決と思う。

次の国民投票は2014928日に実施される。消費税と健康保険に関する議

案二件。

 

 

□━━━━━━━━━━━━【 English 】━━━━━━━━━━━━━━□

 

 

 The Result of the National Votings on May 18, 2014:

 A majority rejected the "Gripen fighter procurement funding"

   

                        Akiko Huerlimann

 

 

First of all, let me inform you the result of the referendum of May

*1):

1. Federal Decree on <primary medical care> was accepted with a 88%

affirmative vote (Yes).

2. Popular initiative <Pedophiles should no longer be permitted to

work with children> was accepted with a 63.5% affirmative vote

(Yes).

3. Popular initiative <for the protection of fair wages> was

rejected with only 23.7% affirmative vote.

4. Federal Act for <the Fund to procure the Gripen Fighter Aircraft>

was rejected with only 46.6% affirmative vote.

 

This time I'd like to focuse on the rejected bill <the Fund to

procure the Gripen Fighter Aircraft> that has affected the basis of

the Swiss defense policy. On the 23rd of July, two month after <the

National Voting on May 18>, the Swiss public broadcasting SRF Radio

reported the detailed analysis of opinion poll regarding to the

Gripen Fighter called <Vox-Analyse>. *1) Mr. Thomas Widmer, a

professor at the University of Zurich, conducted the study. Because

53.4% of the people had voted against the purchase of a new fighter,

the hope for purchasing the Gripen manufactured by SAAB of Sweden

was cut off. The survey of this time analyzed the results showing

also that the Swiss citizens didn't mean to reject the military

fundamentally, but they thoguht that the Gripen was simply too

expensive. As for the voting, urban areas were opposed by 56%, and

rural area were opposed by 49%. On the other hand, as far as the

Gripen Fighter was concerned, the Swiss specific consciousness

divergence between the German part and the French part the so called

<Roestigraben> *2) wasn't big.

 

One point had been mentioned in the survey, one-quarter of the SVP

advocates who is army favourable objected to the purchase of the

Gripen fighter. The main reason against the Gripen purchase was

"too expensive" with 33%, and "It should be used for other purpose"

with 33%. The maintenance cost including the trial period was at the

same level like the purchase cost, which seems to have received

backlash for charging an outrageous fee. Another important reason

was the "uncertainty of the model" and the "opacity of the selection

process", which was questioned by 13%. The manufacturer SAAB caused

also concerns regarding to his financial health; also an essential

point was that SAAB might not be provided with sufficient capital

for the development of the maintenance costs, was reported. The same

13% had the opinion that "top priority has the review of the

military strategy". Opinions, which are basically against the

military were only at a level of 9%; the consciousness of Swiss has

not changed in the basic attitude; it reaffirmed that the

responsibly of defence should be owed by Swiss itself.

 

Lobbying by the Swedish government to the Swiss Federal Parliament

Members was exposed before the voting day. That lobbying activity

therefore failed. The effect of the lobbying delegates is limited

in Switzerland due to the direct democracy. On the contrary, Swiss

people consider independency the most, are sensitive to lobbying,

and hate intervention from abroad. The autonomous policy of

Switzerland has become a pretext for the interference by the USA

and EU. However, the EU committee has been carrying out political

measures, which deviate from the national sentiment of the member

countries that resulted in the rise of the far-right political

parties in the European parliament on the EU-Parliament election

in May this year. The election results in each country showed the

facts directly. It was often reported that small and medium-sized

European countries gaze enviously to the direct democracy like in

Switzerland. But European countries are already incorporated into

a variety of international frameworks. So that area can no longer

express freely its independency? Or do they need just a little bit

more time? Anyway the falling into dysfunction of the bloated EU

won't be too far.

 

The newspaper Tages-Anzeiger dated August 19, 2014 reported the

press conference of Defence Minister Ueli Maurer who announced the

<Defence Development Plan> of <Land>, <Air>, and <Cyber Attack>. The

Congress (Parliament) has approved the defence budget at a level of

470 billion yen year as desired by the Defence Minister already

again and again. Nevertheless, the Swiss people can destroy a

defence plan of a defence minister through opposing the individual

plan. The Defence Minister whined that the defence of the sky

without having Gripen fighter aircrafts is assured only up to 3,000

meters altitude. It's said that the Malaysian Airlines Flight No. 17

was shot down by a missile on an altitude of 10,000 meters at the

Ukraine sky. However, opinions regarding to the missile hit rate are

different among critics. Computer technology (IT)is essential for

both "Air" and "Land" defence. In case of a Cyber Attack, the

infrastructure is also paralyzed. But experts are pessimistic that

there are no prudent measures to respond to espionage and hacker

attacks. Whether to focus on analog maintenance or to focus on

digital maintenance, anyway more national debate should be necessary

for the huge defence budget. Personally, I'm wondering how useful

it might be introducing so much equipment in a small inland country

like Switzerland. I think rather, as a technology-oriented nation,

developing its own drones for ensuring the air defence is more

reasonable and the rest of the defense measures should be covered

by the traditional mountain guerrilla tactics and civil defence

*4). That is a sound method and it is consistent with the national

policy of a neutral country.

 

 

Reference

 

*1) The results of the national voting on May 18, 2014:

http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/03/blank

/key/2014/02.html

*2) Vox-Analyse:

http://www.srf.ch/news/schweiz/gegen-den-gripen-aber-fuer-die-armee

*3) Roeschtigraben: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6stigraben

*4) Civil Protection:

http://www.vbs.admin.ch/internet/vbs/en/home/departement/

organisation/bevschutz.html

http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E9%96%93%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B

 

 

Editor’s comment

 

Due to a medical treatment of the eyes, I made a break to write for

a while. In the meantime, the air defense plan has not been decided

yet; I think the national debate on the defense has top priority.

The next national voting will take place on September 28, 2014.

There are two bills one about the consumer tax and the other about

health insurance.

 

 

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